Keywords
co-processing, fluid catalytic cracking, bio-oil, palm kernel shell, empty fruit bunch, simulation
Document Type
Research Article
Abstract
Biofuel is a promising substitute for fossil fuels to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to provide highly sustainable fuels. Several technical challenges are indeed present during upgrading bio-oil to transportation fuel on a large scale. Co-processing bio-oil with some petroleum fractions in existing refineries serves as an alternative method to minimise processing costs. This paper aims to evaluate the co-processing by exploring the effects of temperature, bio-oil ratios and types of bio-oil to the product yields and quality in a Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) unit within a refinery complex. The considered bio-oil are produced from pyrolysis of Palm Kernel Shell (PKS) and Empty Fruit bunch (EFB). The results show that bio-oil from PKS is better suited to produce gasoline due to its aromatic nature and its carbon range similarities compared to that from EFB. A mixture of 20% of hydrodeoxygenated (HDO) PKS in vacuum gas oil (VGO) shows a 5% improvement of naphtha yield while 20% raw bio-oil from PKS produces 4% increase in light cycle oil (LCO) yield.
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Recommended Citation
Alias, A.F.; Putra, Z.A.; Bilad, M.R.; Wirzal, M.D.H.; and Nordin, N.A.H.M.
(2020)
"Simulation of Co-Processing Bio-Oil and VGO in Fluid Catalytic Cracking Units,"
Platform: A Journal of Engineering (PAJE): Vol. 4:
Iss.
1, Article 2.
Available at:
https://journal.utp.edu.my/paje/vol4/iss1/2
Publication Date
31-1-2020
First Page
12
Last Page
19
